{"id":16152,"date":"2025-04-29T18:41:13","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T16:41:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=16152"},"modified":"2025-04-29T18:42:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T16:42:08","slug":"caracters-especials-en-like-sql-utils-per-mots-encreuats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=16152","title":{"rendered":"Car\u00e0cters especials en LIKE (SQL) utils per mots encreuats"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Car\u00e0cters especials en <code>LIKE<\/code><\/strong> (SQL)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>%<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 <strong>Comod\u00ed per qualsevol nombre de car\u00e0cters<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Representa <strong>qualsevol seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de car\u00e0cters<\/strong> (inclosos zero car\u00e0cters).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exemple<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>\"ca%\"<\/code> \u2192 Tots els mots que comencen per <code>ca<\/code> (<code>casa<\/code>, <code>carrer<\/code>, <code>carta<\/code>&#8230;).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\"%na\"<\/code> \u2192 Tots els mots que acaben en <code>na<\/code> (<code>mana<\/code>, <code>lluna<\/code>&#8230;).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\"%or%\"<\/code> \u2192 Tots els mots que contenen <code>or<\/code> en qualsevol posici\u00f3 (<code>motor<\/code>, <code>porta<\/code>&#8230;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>_<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 <strong>Comod\u00ed per a un sol car\u00e0cter<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Representa <strong>exactament un car\u00e0cter qualsevol<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exemple<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>\"c_t\"<\/code> \u2192 Tots els mots de tres lletres que comencen amb <code>c<\/code> i acaben amb <code>t<\/code> (<code>cat<\/code>, <code>cot<\/code>&#8230;).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\"__a__\"<\/code> \u2192 Tots els mots de cinc lletres amb <code>a<\/code> com a tercera lletra (<code>canal<\/code>, <code>coral<\/code>&#8230;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>[]<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 <strong>Coincideix amb un grup de car\u00e0cters especificats<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Permet buscar car\u00e0cters <strong>concrets<\/strong> o un <strong>rang de car\u00e0cters<\/strong> en una posici\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exemple<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>\"[aeiou]\"<\/code> \u2192 Troba paraules que contenen qualsevol vocal (<code>animal<\/code>, <code>elefant<\/code>, <code>idea<\/code>&#8230;).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\"c[aeiou]t\"<\/code> \u2192 Tots els mots que comencen amb <code>c<\/code>, tenen una vocal, i acaben amb <code>t<\/code> (<code>cat<\/code>, <code>cot<\/code>, <code>cut<\/code>&#8230;).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\"c[a-c]t\"<\/code> \u2192 Tots els mots que comencen amb <code>c<\/code>, tenen una lletra entre <code>a<\/code> i <code>c<\/code>, i acaben amb <code>t<\/code> (<code>cat<\/code>, <code>cbt<\/code>&#8230;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>[^]<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 <strong>Exclou car\u00e0cters espec\u00edfics<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Busca car\u00e0cters <strong>que no estiguin dins el rang especificat<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exemple<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>\"c[^aeiou]t\"<\/code> \u2192 Tots els mots que comencen amb <code>c<\/code>, tenen una consonant, i acaben amb <code>t<\/code> (<code>cat<\/code> no coincideix, per\u00f2 <code>crt<\/code> s\u00ed).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\"[a-f][^e]r\"<\/code> \u2192 Paraules que comencen amb una lletra entre <code>a<\/code> i <code>f<\/code>, no tenen <code>e<\/code> com a segona lletra, i acaben amb <code>r<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"5\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>\\<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 <strong>Escapar car\u00e0cters especials<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Si necessites buscar car\u00e0cters que s\u00f3n especials (com <code>%<\/code>, <code>_<\/code>, <code>[<\/code>, <code>]<\/code>), pots escapar-los amb <code>\\<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exemple<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>\"10\\%\"<\/code> \u2192 Cerca literal <code>10%<\/code> (sense interpretar <code>%<\/code> com a comod\u00ed).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\"c\\[o\\]t\"<\/code> \u2192 Busca literal <code>c[o]t<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"6\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Combinar patrons<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pots combinar aquests patrons per fer cerques m\u00e9s avan\u00e7ades.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exemple<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>\"__a%t\"<\/code> \u2192 Totes les paraules amb almenys quatre lletres, que tinguin <code>a<\/code> com a tercera lletra i acabin amb <code>t<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\"a[_]%e\"<\/code> \u2192 Paraules que comencen amb <code>a<\/code>, tenen un segon car\u00e0cter qualsevol, i acaben amb <code>e<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Altres patrons \u00fatils (NO nom\u00e9s amb <code>LIKE<\/code>)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><code>REGEXP<\/code><\/strong> (Expressions regulars, si la teva base de dades ho permet)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Per cerques m\u00e9s complexes, pots utilitzar <code>REGEXP<\/code> (MySQL, PostgreSQL&#8230;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>^<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 Coincideix al <strong>principi<\/strong> d&#8217;una cadena.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exemple: <code>REGEXP '^ca'<\/code> \u2192 Paraules que comencen amb <code>ca<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>$<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 Coincideix al <strong>final<\/strong> d&#8217;una cadena.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exemple: <code>REGEXP 'or$'<\/code> \u2192 Paraules que acaben amb <code>or<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>|<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 L\u00f2gica OR.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exemple: <code>REGEXP 'ca|ma'<\/code> \u2192 Paraules que contenen <code>ca<\/code> o <code>ma<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>.*<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 Qualsevol seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de car\u00e0cters (similar a <code>%<\/code> en <code>LIKE<\/code>).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exemple: <code>REGEXP '.*a.*e.*'<\/code> \u2192 Paraules que contenen <code>a<\/code> i despr\u00e9s <code>e<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Car\u00e0cters especials en LIKE (SQL) Altres patrons \u00fatils (NO nom\u00e9s amb LIKE) REGEXP (Expressions regulars, si la teva base de dades ho permet) Per cerques m\u00e9s complexes, pots utilitzar REGEXP (MySQL, PostgreSQL&#8230;).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8179,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-javascript-sql"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16152"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16152\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16153,"href":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16152\/revisions\/16153"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16152"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16152"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}