{"id":164,"date":"2009-12-27T17:51:25","date_gmt":"2009-12-27T15:51:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?page_id=164"},"modified":"2023-12-04T14:32:55","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T12:32:55","slug":"3-lapostrof","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?page_id=164","title":{"rendered":"3- L\u2019AP\u00d2STROF"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L&#8217;ap\u00f2strof reflecteix en l&#8217;escriptura l&#8217;elisi\u00f3 d&#8217;un so en la llengua parlada.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La norma<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td class=\"text\">\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" rowspan=\"6\" bgcolor=\"#FFEAEA\"><b>Article<\/b><\/td>\n<td class=\"text\" rowspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFF4F4\"><b>mascul\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">s&#8217;apostrofa<\/td>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">davant de totes les vocals<br \/>\n(tamb\u00e9 precedides de <i>h<\/i> muda): <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"><br \/>\nl&#8217;home<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;ingrat<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;arc<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#ECECEC\">no s&#8217;apostrofa<\/td>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#ECECEC\">davant de <i>i<\/i> i <i>u <\/i>consonants: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">el iogurt<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> el uoquenc<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" rowspan=\"4\" bgcolor=\"#FFF4F4\"><b>femen\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">s&#8217;apostrofa<\/td>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">davant de totes les vocals menys <i>i<\/i> i <i>u<\/i> \u00e0tones (tamb\u00e9 precedides de <i>h<\/i> muda): <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">l&#8217;Anna<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">l&#8217;organista<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;\u00cdndia<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;\u00fanica, l&#8217;Illa <\/span>(per\u00f2: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">la unilateralitat<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> la innecess\u00e0ria, la Isabel<\/span>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" rowspan=\"3\" bgcolor=\"#ECECEC\">no s&#8217;apostrofa<\/td>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#ECECEC\"><span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">la una<\/span> (hora), <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">la ira<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> la host<\/span> i noms de lletra (<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">la e<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">la hac<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> la erra<\/span>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#ECECEC\">davant de <i>i<\/i> i <i>u <\/i>consonants: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">la hiena<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#ECECEC\">davant del prefix negatiu <i>a<\/i>: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">la anormalitat<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" rowspan=\"4\" bgcolor=\"#FFEAEA\"><b>Preposici\u00f3 <i><br \/>\nde<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#FFF4F4\">s&#8217;apostrofa<\/td>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">davant de totes les vocals (tamb\u00e9 precedides de <i>h<\/i> muda): <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">d&#8217;herba<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> d&#8217;altres<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> d&#8217;universitat<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" rowspan=\"3\" bgcolor=\"#FFF4F4\">no s&#8217;apostrofa<\/td>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#ECECEC\">davant de noms de lletra: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">darrere de <i>i<\/i><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#ECECEC\">davant de <i>i<\/i> i <i>u<\/i> consonants: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">de iens<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">de iod<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#ECECEC\">davant del prefix negatiu <i>a<\/i>: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">de asim\u00e8tric<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" rowspan=\"6\" bgcolor=\"#FFEAEA\"><b>Pronom<\/b><\/td>\n<td class=\"text\" rowspan=\"4\" bgcolor=\"#FFF4F4\">s&#8217;apostrofa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">davant de verb comen\u00e7at en vocal: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">m&#8217;est\u00e0<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">n&#8217;agafa<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> s&#8217;integra<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;obt\u00e9<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">darrere de verb acabat en vocal: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">compra&#8217;n<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> porta&#8217;l<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> pondre&#8217;s<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> porta&#8217;ns<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">en contacte amb un altre pronom (el segon, sempre que es pugui): <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"><br \/>\nte&#8217;n<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> la&#8217;n<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> se&#8217;m<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> te&#8217;ls<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> li&#8217;n<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> n&#8217;hi<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" rowspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFF4F4\">no s&#8217;apostrofa<\/td>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#ECECEC\"><i>us<\/i>, <i>hi<\/i>, <i>ho<\/i>,<i>li<\/i>, <i>les<\/i> en cap posici\u00f3: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">us el pren<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> se us emporta<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">treure-us<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text\" bgcolor=\"#ECECEC\"><i>la<\/i> davant de <i>i<\/i> i <i>u<\/i> \u00e0tones: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">la inclou<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">la hi porta<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> la unifiquem<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.uoc.edu\/serveilinguistic\/img\/punt.gif\" alt=\"\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0<b>Observacions<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.uoc.edu\/serveilinguistic\/img\/barra.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"561\" height=\"2\" \/><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"584\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.uoc.edu\/serveilinguistic\/img\/espai.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"14\" height=\"1\" \/><\/td>\n<td class=\"text\">\n<ul>\n<li>El signe de l&#8217;ap\u00f2strof consisteix en una <b>coma volada<\/b> (&#8216;)<br \/>\ni no en un accent (\u00b4), com es posa de vegades i passa sovint inadvertit.<\/li>\n<li>Amb les <b>sigles<\/b> i els <b>acr\u00f2nims<\/b> se segueix la mateixa norma general: s&#8217;apostrofa l&#8217;article mascul\u00ed i la preposici\u00f3 <i>de<\/i> sempre que es troben amb vocal (escrita o pronunciada) i l&#8217;article femen\u00ed quan es troba amb vocal, llevat de <i>i<\/i> i <i>u<\/i> \u00e0tones. No s&#8217;apostrofen, \u00e9s clar, davant de <i>i<\/i> i <i>u<\/i> consonants: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">l&#8217;ISO<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;OTAN<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;URL<\/span> (m.), <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">l&#8217;IEC<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;URSS<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> d&#8217;FC<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> la UOC<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;FCI<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;SMI<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;R+D<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> la IBEC<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">la XDSI<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> la UE<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Davant de <b>nombres<\/b> s&#8217;apostrofa o no tal com es faria si<br \/>\nfossin escrits amb lletres: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">d&#8217;11<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">l&#8217;1 d&#8217;agost<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;XI col\u00b7loqui<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"><br \/>\nl&#8217;11a. partida<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Davant d&#8217;una <b><i>s<\/i> l\u00edquida<\/b> s&#8217;apostrofa l&#8217;article mascul\u00ed \u2013per\u00f2 no pas el femen\u00ed ni la preposici\u00f3 <i>de<\/i>: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">l&#8217;<i>striptease<\/i><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">de <i>strictu sensu<\/i><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">la Scala de Mil\u00e0<\/span>. Davant de <b>hac aspirada<\/b> no s&#8217;apostrofa:<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">el Hamlet de&#8230;<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> de Haydn<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> el hawai\u00e0<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Davant de <b>cometes, cursiva i negreta<\/b> s&#8217;apostrofa segons<br \/>\nla norma general: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">d'&#8221;iniciats&#8221;<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">la cr\u00edtica d&#8217;<i>Aqu\u00ed no paga ni D\u00e9u<\/i><\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> l&#8217;<b>inventor<\/b><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Davant de <b>t\u00edtols i noms d&#8217;entitats o grups<\/b> comen\u00e7ats amb<br \/>\narticle, la preposici\u00f3 <i>de<\/i> s&#8217;apostrofa (i no es contrau amb<br \/>\nl&#8217;article, com tampoc no s&#8217;hi contrauen les preposicions <i>a<\/i> i<br \/>\n<i>per<\/i>): <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">d&#8217;<i>El Temps<\/i><\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> a Els Pets<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Davant de <b>top\u00f2nims amb article mascul\u00ed<\/b> la preposici\u00f3<i> de<\/i> s&#8217;apostrofa si el top\u00f2nim no \u00e9s catal\u00e0 o no s&#8217;ha catalanitzat; si \u00e9s catal\u00e0 o catalanitzat, la preposici\u00f3 es contrau amb l&#8217;article (igual que s&#8217;hi contrauen les preposicions <i>a<\/i> i <i>per<\/i>): <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">d&#8217;El Bierzo<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> del Baix Camp<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #8f0000;\"> del Caire<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>En textos que volen <b>reproduir la llengua oral<\/b> s&#8217;admeten formes com ara <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">convence&#8217;l<\/span> (per <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">conv\u00e8ncer-lo<\/span>), <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">coneixe&#8217;ns<\/span> (per <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">con\u00e8ixer-nos<\/span>)\u2026, \u00e9s a dir, es poden reduir el verb i el pronom quan es tracta d&#8217;un infinitiu pla acabat en <i>-r<\/i> i un pronom feble. Passa el mateix amb la segona persona de l&#8217;imperatiu de verbs com <i>dir<\/i>: podem escriure <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">digue&#8217;m<\/span> (per <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">digues-me<\/span>), <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">digue&#8217;ns<\/span> (per <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">digues-nos<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li>Davant de <b>s\u00edmbols qu\u00edmics i f\u00f3rmules<\/b> no s&#8217;apostrofa mai ni l&#8217;article ni la preposici\u00f3 <i>de<\/i>, encara que el nom desenvolupat corresponent s\u00ed que s&#8217;apostrofa, perqu\u00e8 es llegeix el nom sencer: <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">el Al<\/span> (per\u00f2 <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">l&#8217;alumini<\/span>), <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">de H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span> (per\u00f2 <span style=\"color: #8f0000;\">d&#8217;aigua<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li>No es deixa mai l&#8217;ap\u00f2strof a <b>final de ratlla<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#8217;ap\u00f2strof reflecteix en l&#8217;escriptura l&#8217;elisi\u00f3 d&#8217;un so en la llengua parlada. La norma Article mascul\u00ed s&#8217;apostrofa davant de totes les vocals (tamb\u00e9 precedides de h muda): l&#8217;home, l&#8217;ingrat, l&#8217;arc. no s&#8217;apostrofa davant de i i u consonants: el iogurt, el &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?page_id=164\">Continua llegint <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8179,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"class_list":["post-164","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bloc-de-notes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=164"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5629,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/164\/revisions\/5629"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}