{"id":18336,"date":"2026-06-29T11:04:58","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T09:04:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=18336"},"modified":"2026-06-29T11:06:17","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T09:06:17","slug":"guia-formatejar-usb-per-carregar-home-miquel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=18336","title":{"rendered":"Guia: Formatejar USB per carregar home-miquel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Aquesta guia explica com preparar un llapis USB per fer una c\u00f2pia de seguretat exacta del directori \/home\/miquel<\/code> (incloent-hi permisos i configuracions) per poder-lo restaurar en un altre ordinador Linux.<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Pas 1: Identificar el dispositiu USB<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Connecta el USB i obre la terminal. Comprova quin nom li ha assignat el sistema (normalment sda1<\/code>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

lsblk<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
(Busca el dispositiu que tingui la mida del teu USB, en el nostre cas 29,3G).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pas 2: Desmuntar el USB<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Abans de formatar, cal desmuntar-lo de qualsevol punt on estigui muntat autom\u00e0ticament:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo umount \/mnt\/usb\nsudo umount \/media\/miquel\/D08A-F43C<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
(Verifica que ja no surt cap punt de muntatge tornant a fer lsblk<\/code>).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pas 3: Formatejar el USB a ext4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Aix\u00f2 esborrar\u00e0 totes les dades<\/strong> del USB. Fem servir ext4<\/code> perqu\u00e8 \u00e9s el sistema de fitxers natiu de Linux i preserva els permisos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/sda1<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pas 4: Muntar el USB<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Crea una carpeta temporal i munta-hi el USB per poder-hi escriure:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo mkdir -p \/mnt\/usb\nsudo mount \/dev\/sda1 \/mnt\/usb<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pas 5: Copiar el directori \/home\/miquel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Utilitzem rsync<\/code> per copiar totes les dades, mantenint els permisos, propietaris i atributs originals:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo rsync -aAXv \/home\/miquel\/ \/mnt\/usb\/<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Nota: L’opci\u00f3 -aAX<\/code> \u00e9s clau. -a<\/code> (mode arxiu), -A<\/code> (ACLs) i -X<\/code> (atributs estesos). El proc\u00e9s pot trigar uns minuts.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pas 6: Desmuntar el USB amb seguretat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Un cop la c\u00f2pia hagi finalitzat, desmunta el dispositiu abans de treure’l:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo umount \/mnt\/usb<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udd04 Com restaurar la c\u00f2pia a l’altre ordinador<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Connecta el USB al nou ordinador.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Munta el USB (suposant que el sistema el detecta com a sda1<\/code> i el munta a \/mnt\/usb<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Copia les dades al nou home:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
       sudo rsync -aAXv \/mnt\/usb\/ \/home\/miquel\/<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Assegura’t que l’usuari miquel<\/code> del nou ordinador \u00e9s el propietari de tot (per si l’ID d’usuari \u00e9s diferent):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
         sudo chown -R miquel:miquel \/home\/miquel<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Reinicia la sessi\u00f3 o l’ordinador per aplicar tots els canvis de configuraci\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        Si necessites cap aclariment o vols que hi afegim alguna cosa m\u00e9s, nom\u00e9s m’ho has de dir! Mentrestant, deixa que el rsync<\/code> acabi de copiar les teves dades.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
        Aquesta guia explica com preparar un llapis USB per fer una c\u00f2pia de seguretat exacta del directori \/home\/miquel (incloent-hi permisos i configuracions) per poder-lo restaurar en un altre ordinador Linux. Pas 1: Identificar el dispositiu USB Connecta el USB i … Continua llegint →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3167,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[207,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deepin-linux","category-bloc-de-notes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18336"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18336\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18337,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18336\/revisions\/18337"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}