{"id":18645,"date":"2026-08-05T12:04:27","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T10:04:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=18645"},"modified":"2026-08-05T12:05:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T10:05:39","slug":"directoris-deepin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=18645","title":{"rendered":"Directoris Deepin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Miquel@Miquel-PC:~$ sudo -i<br>root@Miquel-PC:~# tree -d -L 1 \/<br>\/<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 bin -&gt; usr\/bin<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 boot<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 dev<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 etc<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 home<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 lib -&gt; usr\/lib<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 lib64 -&gt; usr\/lib64<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 lost+found<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 media<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 mnt<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 opt<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 ostree<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 persistent<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 proc<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 root<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 run<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 sbin -&gt; usr\/sbin<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 srv<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 sys<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 sysroot<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 tmp<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 usr<br>\u2514\u2500\u2500 var<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc2 Estructura del sistema de fitxers a Linux: Qu\u00e8 gestiona cada directori de l&#8217;arrel (<code>\/<\/code>)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si alguna vegada has executat <code>tree -d -L 1 \/<\/code> al terminal i t&#8217;has preguntat qu\u00e8 fa cada un d&#8217;aquests directoris, aqu\u00ed tens una guia r\u00e0pida i clara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/bin<\/code> \u2192 <code>usr\/bin<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Executables binaris essencials de l&#8217;usuari.<\/strong><br>Cont\u00e9 comandaments b\u00e0sics del sistema com <code>ls<\/code>, <code>cp<\/code>, <code>mv<\/code>, <code>cat<\/code>, <code>echo<\/code>, etc. A moltes distribucions modernes \u00e9s un enlla\u00e7 simb\u00f2lic a <code>\/usr\/bin<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/boot<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fitxers d&#8217;arrencada del sistema.<\/strong><br>Aqu\u00ed hi trobem el <strong>kernel de Linux<\/strong> (<code>vmlinuz<\/code>), <code>initrd.img<\/code> (disc RAM inicial) i el carregador d&#8217;arrencada (<code>GRUB<\/code>). Sense aquest directori, el sistema no pot arrencar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/dev<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dispositius del sistema.<\/strong><br>Cont\u00e9 fitxers especials que representen dispositius de maquinari: discs durs (<code>sda<\/code>), particions (<code>sda1<\/code>), terminals (<code>tty<\/code>), etc. Linux tracta els dispositius com a fitxers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/etc<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fitxers de configuraci\u00f3 del sistema.<\/strong><br>Aqu\u00ed es guarden configuracions globals: usuaris i contrasenyes (<code>passwd<\/code>, <code>shadow<\/code>), configuraci\u00f3 de xarxa, repositoris de programari, etc. \u00c9s el \u00abcervell\u00bb de la configuraci\u00f3 del sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/home<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Directoris personals dels usuaris.<\/strong><br>Cada usuari del sistema t\u00e9 la seva carpeta aqu\u00ed (<code>\/home\/usuari<\/code>), on guarda documents, desc\u00e0rregues, configuracions d&#8217;escriptori, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/lib<\/code> \u2192 <code>usr\/lib<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Llibreries compartides del sistema.<\/strong><br>Cont\u00e9 les llibreries essencials que necessiten els binaris de <code>\/bin<\/code> i <code>\/sbin<\/code> per funcionar. Sovint \u00e9s un enlla\u00e7 a <code>\/usr\/lib<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/lib64<\/code> \u2192 <code>usr\/lib64<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Llibreries de 64 bits.<\/strong><br>Similar a <code>\/lib<\/code>, per\u00f2 per a arquitectura de 64 bits. Enlla\u00e7 simb\u00f2lic a <code>\/usr\/lib64<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/lost+found<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Recuperaci\u00f3 de fitxers.<\/strong><br>Cada partici\u00f3 ext4 t\u00e9 el seu propi <code>lost+found<\/code>. Si el sistema es bloqueja o es corromp, <code>fsck<\/code> hi recupera fitxers danyats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/media<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Punts de muntatge per a dispositius extra\u00efbles.<\/strong><br>Quan connectes un USB, un DVD o una targeta SD, el sistema els munta autom\u00e0ticament aqu\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/mnt<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Muntatge manual de dispositius.<\/strong><br>Tradicionalment, els administradors hi munten temporalment sistemes de fitxers (discos, xarxa, etc.) de forma manual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/opt<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Programari opcional \/ de tercers.<\/strong><br>Aplicacions que no venen amb el gestor de paquets del sistema (com Google Chrome, VS Code, etc.) solen instal\u00b7lar-se aqu\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/ostree<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sistema de fitxers immutable (OSTree).<\/strong><br>Usat per distribucions com Deepin\/UOS amb sistemes at\u00f2mics. Permet gestionar actualitzacions de forma segura i reversible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/persistent<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dades persistents en sistemes live o read-only.<\/strong><br>En sistemes que arrenquen en mode live, aqu\u00ed es guarden els canvis que es volen mantenir entre sessions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/proc<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sistema de fitxers virtual del kernel.<\/strong><br>Cont\u00e9 informaci\u00f3 en temps real sobre processos i maquinari. No \u00e9s un directori real al disc, sin\u00f3 una interf\u00edcie amb el kernel. Per exemple, <code>\/proc\/cpuinfo<\/code> mostra informaci\u00f3 del processador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/root<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Directori personal de l&#8217;usuari root (administrador).<\/strong><br>Equivalent a <code>\/home\/root<\/code>, per\u00f2 per a l&#8217;usuari superusuari. No es troba dins de <code>\/home<\/code> per raons de seguretat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/run<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dades d&#8217;execuci\u00f3 temporals.<\/strong><br>Cont\u00e9 fitxers temporals que es creen a l&#8217;inici del sistema, com PID de processos, sockets, etc. El directori es buida a cada reinici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/sbin<\/code> \u2192 <code>usr\/sbin<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Binaries d&#8217;administraci\u00f3 del sistema.<\/strong><br>Comandaments que normalment nom\u00e9s pot executar l&#8217;administrador (<code>root<\/code>): <code>fdisk<\/code>, <code>mkfs<\/code>, <code>iptables<\/code>, <code>shutdown<\/code>, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/srv<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dades de serveis del sistema.<\/strong><br>Per a servidors web, FTP, DNS, etc. Per exemple, <code>\/srv\/www<\/code> per a llocs web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/sys<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sistema de fitxers virtual del maquinari.<\/strong><br>Similar a <code>\/proc<\/code>, per\u00f2 enfocat a informaci\u00f3 estructurada dels dispositius, controladors i busos del sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/sysroot<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Arrel del sistema en imatges de recuperaci\u00f3.<\/strong><br>Usat en entorns live o de recuperaci\u00f3, on cont\u00e9 el sistema de fitxers real que es reparar\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/tmp<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fitxers temporals.<\/strong><br>Qualsevol programa o usuari hi pot crear fitxers temporals. Es buida habitualment en reiniciar el sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/usr<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Programari compartit per a usuaris.<\/strong><br>\u00c9s un dels directoris m\u00e9s grans. Cont\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>\/usr\/bin<\/code> \u2192 executables d&#8217;usuari<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\/usr\/lib<\/code> \u2192 llibreries<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\/usr\/share<\/code> \u2192 dades compartides (icones, temes, documentaci\u00f3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\/usr\/local<\/code> \u2192 programari compilat localment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc1 <code>\/var<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dades variables.<\/strong><br>Aqu\u00ed es guarden fitxers que canvien de mida o contingut: logs del sistema (<code>\/var\/log<\/code>), bases de dades, cues d&#8217;impressi\u00f3, cache de paquets (<code>\/var\/cache<\/code>), etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udccc Resum r\u00e0pid<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Directori<\/th><th>Funci\u00f3 principal<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>\/bin<\/code><\/td><td>Comandaments b\u00e0sics<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/boot<\/code><\/td><td>Arrencada del sistema<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/dev<\/code><\/td><td>Dispositius<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/etc<\/code><\/td><td>Configuraci\u00f3 del sistema<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/home<\/code><\/td><td>Carpetes d&#8217;usuaris<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/lib<\/code><\/td><td>Llibreries essencials<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/media<\/code><\/td><td>Dispositius extra\u00efbles<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/mnt<\/code><\/td><td>Muntatges manuals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/opt<\/code><\/td><td>Programari de tercers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/proc<\/code><\/td><td>Informaci\u00f3 del kernel<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/root<\/code><\/td><td>Home de root<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/run<\/code><\/td><td>Dades d&#8217;execuci\u00f3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/sbin<\/code><\/td><td>Comandaments d&#8217;admin<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/srv<\/code><\/td><td>Dades de serveis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/sys<\/code><\/td><td>Maquinari virtual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/tmp<\/code><\/td><td>Fitxers temporals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/usr<\/code><\/td><td>Programari d&#8217;usuari<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/var<\/code><\/td><td>Dades variables<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Espero que t&#8217;hagi servit per al teu blog! \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Miquel@Miquel-PC:~$ sudo -iroot@Miquel-PC:~# tree -d -L 1 \/\/\u251c\u2500\u2500 bin -&gt; usr\/bin\u251c\u2500\u2500 boot\u251c\u2500\u2500 dev\u251c\u2500\u2500 etc\u251c\u2500\u2500 home\u251c\u2500\u2500 lib -&gt; usr\/lib\u251c\u2500\u2500 lib64 -&gt; usr\/lib64\u251c\u2500\u2500 lost+found\u251c\u2500\u2500 media\u251c\u2500\u2500 mnt\u251c\u2500\u2500 opt\u251c\u2500\u2500 ostree\u251c\u2500\u2500 persistent\u251c\u2500\u2500 proc\u251c\u2500\u2500 root\u251c\u2500\u2500 run\u251c\u2500\u2500 sbin -&gt; usr\/sbin\u251c\u2500\u2500 srv\u251c\u2500\u2500 sys\u251c\u2500\u2500 sysroot\u251c\u2500\u2500 tmp\u251c\u2500\u2500 usr\u2514\u2500\u2500 var . &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=18645\">Continua llegint <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3167,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[207,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deepin-linux","category-bloc-de-notes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18645"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18645\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18646,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18645\/revisions\/18646"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}