{"id":18840,"date":"2026-08-28T17:25:21","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T15:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=18840"},"modified":"2026-08-28T17:27:56","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T15:27:56","slug":"flux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=18840","title":{"rendered":"\u2b50Flux de l&#8217;arrancada de deepin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Firmware UEFI (el \u00abBIOS\u00bb modern)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quan encens l&#8217;ordinador, el primer que s&#8217;executa \u00e9s el firmware (UEFI) de la placa base. Llegeix les <strong>entrades d&#8217;arrencada<\/strong> que t\u00e9 guardades a la NVRAM i tria la primera de la llista (<code>BootOrder<\/code>). Al teu cas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">BootOrder: 0002,0000\nBoot0002* deepin \u2192 \\EFI\\DEEPIN\\SHIMX64.EFI<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per tant arrenca l&#8217;entrada <strong>deepin<\/strong>, que apunta a un fitxer <strong>de la partici\u00f3 EFI<\/strong> (<code>\/dev\/sda1<\/code>, la partici\u00f3 petita FAT32). El \u00abTimeout: 2 seconds\u00bb que sortia a <code>efibootmgr<\/code> \u00e9s el men\u00fa propi del firmware (si prems F12\/F11 per triar sistema), <strong>no<\/strong> el de GRUB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. shimx64.efi \u2192 grubx64.efi (el carregador GRUB)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A la partici\u00f3 EFI hi ha dos executables encadenats:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>shimx64.efi<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 el que carrega la UEFI. \u00c9s un petit \u00abpont\u00bb amb la firma de Microsoft per poder passar el <strong>Secure Boot<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>grubx64.efi<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 el GRUB de deb\u00f2. El shim el verifica i el llan\u00e7a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ara el control ja \u00e9s de GRUB, un mini-sistema operatiu que sap llegir sistemes de fitxers (ext4, fat, etc.) i interpretar scripts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. GRUB busca i llegeix la configuraci\u00f3 (grub.cfg)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GRUB necessita saber qu\u00e8 ha de fer. Busca el seu script en dos passos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>a) El \u00abstub\u00bb de la partici\u00f3 EFI<\/strong> (<code>\/efi\/EFI\/deepin\/grub.cfg<\/code>) \u2014 el que hem vist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">search.fs_uuid 913ddb59-... root hd0,gpt6\nset prefix=($root)'\/boot\/grub'\nconfigfile $prefix\/grub.cfg<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c9s a dir: \u00abtroba el disc\/partici\u00f3 amb aquest UUID (el <strong>gpt6<\/strong>, el teu Deepin 25 Community) i carrega la configuraci\u00f3 real que hi ha all\u00e0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>b) La configuraci\u00f3 real<\/strong> (<code>\/boot\/grub\/grub.cfg<\/code> del gpt6) \u2014 el fitxer generat que hem estat tocant. Aquest script \u00e9s llarg i fa de tot:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Carrega m\u00f2duls (<code>insmod<\/code>), la font i el <strong>tema<\/strong> deepin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Defineix el <code>timeout<\/code> \u2192 ara <strong>15 segons<\/strong> gr\u00e0cies al teu <code>set timeout=15<\/code> de <code>40_custom<\/code> (l&#8217;\u00faltim que s&#8217;executa, el que mana)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Defineix els <strong>menuentries<\/strong> (les opcions del men\u00fa):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Deepin 25 Community (la teva)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rollback&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Windows Boot Manager (sda1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deepin 25 (25) (sda5, sda6) \u2014 via os-prober<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>System Setup (entrada UEFI)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. GRUB mostra el men\u00fa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amb tot carregat, GRUB pinta el men\u00fa amb el tema gr\u00e0fic de deepin i <strong>comen\u00e7a el compte enrere de 15 segons<\/strong>. Si no toques res, tria l&#8217;opci\u00f3 per defecte (<code>GRUB_DEFAULT=0<\/code> \u2192 \u00abDeepin 25 Community\u00bb). Si prems una tecla, el compte enrere es para i pots triar tu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. GRUB carrega el kernel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quan es tria una opci\u00f3, GRUB executa el contingut del menuentry:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">linux \/boot\/vmlinuz-6.6.143-... root=UUID=913ddb59-... ostree=auto quiet ...\ninitrd \/boot\/initrd.img-6.6.143-...<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>linux ...<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 carrega el nucli (kernel) amb els par\u00e0metres que li passa (quina partici\u00f3 \u00e9s la root, etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>initrd ...<\/code><\/strong> \u2192 carrega el \u00abinitramfs\u00bb, un mini-sistema temporal en mem\u00f2ria que ajuda el kernel a muntar el sistema real<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. El kernel arrenca (aqu\u00ed era on hi havia el cercle blau)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El kernel s&#8217;inicia i, gr\u00e0cies a l&#8217;initramfs, munta el sistema real. Aqu\u00ed \u00e9s on apareixia <strong>Plymouth<\/strong>, el cercle blau dif\u00fas: \u00e9s una animaci\u00f3 que <strong>tapa<\/strong> els missatges d&#8217;arrencada perqu\u00e8 la pantalla quedi \u00abbonica\u00bb. S&#8217;activava pel par\u00e0metre <code>splash<\/code> que vam <strong>eliminar<\/strong> \u2192 ara, en lloc del cercle, veur\u00e0s els missatges d&#8217;arrencada en text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Nota: el sistema \u00e9s OSTree\/immutable, per aix\u00f2 el par\u00e0metre \u00e9s <code>ostree=auto<\/code>: el kernel sap que ha de muntar el desplegament immutable que li toca.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Sessi\u00f3 gr\u00e0fica<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quan el sistema est\u00e0 muntat, s&#8217;inicia el <strong>display manager<\/strong> (la pantalla d&#8217;inici de sessi\u00f3 de deepin) i, despr\u00e9s d&#8217;identificar-te, el <strong>DDE<\/strong> (Deepin Desktop Environment) amb el teu escriptori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resum de qui fa qu\u00e8 en el teu cas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Pas<\/th><th>Qui<\/th><th>Qu\u00e8 fa<\/th><th>On \u00e9s<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>UEFI<\/td><td>tria entrada i executa<\/td><td>NVRAM \/ sda1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>shim \u2192 grubx64.efi<\/td><td>carrega GRUB<\/td><td>\/dev\/sda1\/EFI\/deepin\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3a<\/td><td>stub grub.cfg<\/td><td>troba gpt6 i crida la config real<\/td><td>\/efi\/EFI\/deepin\/grub.cfg<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3b<\/td><td>grub.cfg real<\/td><td>carrega tema, timeout, entrades<\/td><td>\/boot\/grub\/grub.cfg (gpt6)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>GRUB<\/td><td>mostra el men\u00fa (ara 15 s)<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>GRUB<\/td><td>carrega kernel + initrd<\/td><td>\/boot\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>kernel<\/td><td>arrenca sistema (sense splash)<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>DDE<\/td><td>pantalla de login i escriptori<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I recorda la cadena de generaci\u00f3 (on hem fet els canvis):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">\/etc\/default\/grub  +  \/etc\/grub.d\/* (00_header, 40_custom...)\n        \u2502\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500 sudo update-grub (grub-mkconfig)\n                \u2502\n                \u2514\u2500\u2500 genera \u2192 \/boot\/grub\/grub.cfg\n                                 \u2502\n                                 \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u00e9s el que llegeix GRUB a cada arrencada<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tot encaixa: el teu <code>set timeout=15<\/code> (via <code>40_custom<\/code>) \u00e9s el que fa que el men\u00fa es quedi 15 segons, i treure el <code>splash<\/code> \u00e9s el que elimina el cercle blau. \ud83d\udc4d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Firmware UEFI (el \u00abBIOS\u00bb modern) Quan encens l&#8217;ordinador, el primer que s&#8217;executa \u00e9s el firmware (UEFI) de la placa base. Llegeix les entrades d&#8217;arrencada que t\u00e9 guardades a la NVRAM i tria la primera de la llista (BootOrder). Al &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=18840\">Continua llegint <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-de-notes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18840"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18843,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18840\/revisions\/18843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}