{"id":18863,"date":"2026-08-31T13:09:56","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T11:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=18863"},"modified":"2026-08-31T15:16:36","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T13:16:36","slug":"imatge-de-disc-amb-dd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=18863","title":{"rendered":"\u2b50\u2b50Imatge de disc amb &#8216;dd&#8217; vs &#8216;partclone&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udccc Qu\u00e8 fa la comanda <code>dd<\/code> i com s&#8217;usa per fer una imatge de disc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#f10e0e\" class=\"has-inline-color\">dd<\/mark><\/strong><\/code> \u00e9s una eina cl\u00e0ssica de Linux que copia dades <strong>bit a bit<\/strong> (a nivell brut, sense interpretar el sistema de fitxers). \u00c9s ideal per fer <strong>imatges exactes<\/strong> d&#8217;una partici\u00f3 o d&#8217;un disc sencer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple que vam utilitzar:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">sudo dd if=\/dev\/sda4 of=\/media\/Miquel\/backup\/sda4_amd0.img bs=4M status=progress<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Desglossament dels par\u00e0metres:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Par\u00e0metre<\/th><th>Significat<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>sudo<\/code><\/td><td>Executa amb permisos d&#8217;administrador (imprescindible per llegir el disc).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>if=<\/code><\/td><td><strong>Input File<\/strong> \u2192 l&#8217;origen. Aqu\u00ed <code>\/dev\/sda4<\/code> (la partici\u00f3 que volem copiar).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>of=<\/code><\/td><td><strong>Output File<\/strong> \u2192 la destinaci\u00f3. <code>\/media\/Miquel\/backup\/sda4_amd0.img<\/code> (el fitxer imatge al USB).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>bs=4M<\/code><\/td><td><strong>Block Size<\/strong> \u2192 mida de cada bloc de lectura\/escriptura (4 MB). Aconsegueix un bon equilibri entre velocitat i mem\u00f2ria.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>status=progress<\/code><\/td><td>Mostra en temps real el progr\u00e9s, la velocitat i el temps transcorregut.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u00e8 fa realment?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Llegeix la partici\u00f3 <code>\/dev\/sda4<\/code> <strong>bloc a bloc<\/strong> i ho escriu tot al fitxer <code>.img<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La imatge resultant \u00e9s una <strong>c\u00f2pia exacta<\/strong> de la partici\u00f3 (incloent-hi espai buit, sistema de fitxers, metadades&#8230;).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Es pot <strong>restaurar<\/strong> m\u00e9s endavant amb la mateixa comanda per\u00f2 invertint els par\u00e0metres:<code>sudo dd if=fitxer.img of=\/dev\/sda4 bs=4M status=progress<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aqu\u00ed tens la comanda exacta de restauraci\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">sudo dd if=\/media\/Miquel\/backup\/sda4_amd0.img of=\/dev\/sda4 bs=4M status=progress<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recorda: executa-la des d&#8217;un USB en viu, amb sda4 desmuntada i verificant amb <code>lsblk<\/code> que <code>of=\/dev\/sda4<\/code> \u00e9s la partici\u00f3 correcta. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u26a0\ufe0f Av\u00eds important per al blog:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>dd<\/code> <strong>no comprova<\/strong> si la partici\u00f3 est\u00e0 muntada \u2192 fer-ho amb una partici\u00f3 en \u00fas pot donar una imatge inconsistent o corrompre dades.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Molt perill\u00f3s<\/strong>: si et confons en <code>of=<\/code>, pots sobrescriure un disc sencer. Sempre comprova els discs amb <code>lsblk<\/code> abans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La imatge ocupa <strong>tota la mida de la partici\u00f3<\/strong>, no nom\u00e9s l&#8217;espai usat (en el nostre cas, 58G).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aqu\u00ed tens un resum clar i directe per al teu blog:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udccc<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#f01414\" class=\"has-inline-color\"> <code>partclone<\/code><\/mark><\/strong>: copiar nom\u00e9s l&#8217;espai usat (l&#8217;alternativa intel\u00b7ligent a <code>dd<\/code>)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s i qu\u00e8 fa?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>partclone<\/code> \u00e9s una eina de clonatge que <strong>nom\u00e9s copia els blocs en \u00fas<\/strong> d&#8217;una partici\u00f3, ignorant l&#8217;espai buit. Aix\u00f2 fa que les imatges siguin <strong>molt m\u00e9s petites i r\u00e0pides<\/strong> de crear que amb <code>dd<\/code> (que ho copia tot, fins i tot el buit).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Imatge <code>dd<\/code><\/strong>: 58G (la partici\u00f3 sencera).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imatge <code>partclone<\/code><\/strong>: ~38G (nom\u00e9s el que s&#8217;usa realment).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Com s&#8217;usa?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">sudo partclone.ext4 -c -s \/dev\/sda4 -o \/media\/Miquel\/backup\/imatge.img<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Par\u00e0metre<\/th><th>Significat<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>partclone.ext4<\/code><\/td><td>La variant per al sistema de fitxers ext4 (hi ha <code>.xfs<\/code>, <code>.ntfs<\/code>, <code>.btrfs<\/code>&#8230;).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-c<\/code><\/td><td><strong>Clone<\/strong> \u2192 crear una imatge.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-s<\/code><\/td><td><strong>Source<\/strong> \u2192 partici\u00f3 d&#8217;origen (<code>\/dev\/sda4<\/code>).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-o<\/code><\/td><td><strong>Output<\/strong> \u2192 fitxer de destinaci\u00f3.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Opcions \u00fatils:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>-z<\/code> \u2192 comprimeix la imatge (m\u00e9s petita, m\u00e9s lenta).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>-N<\/code> \u2192 interf\u00edcie gr\u00e0fica (ncurses) amb progr\u00e9s visual.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Restauraci\u00f3:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">sudo partclone.ext4 -r -s imatge.img -o \/dev\/sda4<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u26a0\ufe0f Per qu\u00e8 NO ha estat possible en aquest cas?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quan vam intentar fer la imatge de <code>sda4<\/code>, <code>partclone<\/code> va donar aquest error:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">device (\/dev\/sda4) is mounted at \/var\nerror exit<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>El motiu<\/strong>: <code>partclone<\/code> <strong>es nega a treballar amb particions muntades i en \u00fas<\/strong>, perqu\u00e8 si hi ha escriptures mentre copia, la imatge quedaria inconsistent. Com que <code>sda4<\/code> \u00e9s la partici\u00f3 arrel (muntada a <code>\/<\/code>, <code>\/var<\/code>, <code>\/ostree<\/code>&#8230;), i est\u00e0vem treballant des del mateix sistema, era impossible desmuntar-la.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>En canvi, <code>dd<\/code> s\u00ed que ho va permetre<\/strong> perqu\u00e8 <strong>no comprova<\/strong> si la partici\u00f3 est\u00e0 muntada (tot i que ho fa amb cert risc d&#8217;inconsist\u00e8ncia).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Soluci\u00f3 per a <code>partclone<\/code><\/strong>: cal fer-ho des d&#8217;un <strong>USB en viu<\/strong> (live), on <code>sda4<\/code> no est\u00e0 muntada. Llavors <code>partclone<\/code> funciona sense problemes i amb la imatge m\u00e9s petita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si ho vols, et preparo tamb\u00e9 la part de comparaci\u00f3 final <code>dd<\/code> vs <code>partclone<\/code> per tancar l&#8217;article. Vols?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udccc Qu\u00e8 fa la comanda dd i com s&#8217;usa per fer una imatge de disc dd \u00e9s una eina cl\u00e0ssica de Linux que copia dades bit a bit (a nivell brut, sense interpretar el sistema de fitxers). \u00c9s ideal per &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/?p=18863\">Continua llegint <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3167,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[207,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deepin-linux","category-bloc-de-notes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18863"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18874,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18863\/revisions\/18874"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beseit.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}